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Introduction
Individuals afflicted with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), an inflammatory condition, face the imperative need to preserve chest wall elasticity and minimize breathing difficulties. Deep-breathing exercises assume a crucial role in this endeavor, providing effective measures to counter the adverse effects of AS on the respiratory system.
Impact of ankylosing spondylitis on breathing
AS primarily manifests its effects on the spine, potentially leading to stiffness and fusion of rib joints. Consequently, the ribs lose their mobility, hindering their movement during breathing. This phenomenon can result in significant breathing difficulties, including shortness of breath after even moderate activities.
Prevalence and severity
Research indicates that a substantial proportion of individuals with AS experience reduced chest wall expansion. A study revealed that nearly a third of patients exhibited diminished chest expansion, and an article estimated 26% encountered chest wall inflammation. Notably, the extent of chest expansion restriction tends to increase with the progression of the disease, often culminating in complete loss of rib movement in more advanced stages.
Additional factors affecting respiration
Chest wall inflammation, commonly known as costochondritis, is another factor contributing to chest pain in AS. This condition involves the inflammation of cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone, causing deep breathing to become particularly arduous.
The role of deep-breathing exercises
Deep-breathing exercises serve as an effective means of maintaining rib mobility and counteracting the stiffening effects of AS. These exercises prevent fusion and rigidity of the ribs, thereby preserving chest expansion.
Recommended deep-breathing exercises
Certified yoga therapist Nancy O’Brien suggests incorporating the following deep-breathing exercises into a personalized exercise regimen. Regular practice, ranging from several times a week to twice daily, can significantly benefit individuals with AS.
1. Centering Breathing Exercise
This exercise involves focusing on specific areas of the body during inhalation and exhalation. As the individual breathes in, they expand their belly, followed by their lower and upper ribs. Exhalation entails turning the head to one side and releasing breath through three “ha” puffs.
2. Energizing Breathing Exercise
The Energizing Breathing Exercise involves stretching an arm overhead while inhaling deeply. As the arm is pulled downwards with a quick exhalation, the motion imitates pulling down on a rope.
3. De-Stressing Breathing Exercise
This exercise incorporates a slight backward bend in the spine. The individual slides their hands along their thighs, elbows close together. Inhaling deeply, they focus on an intention such as “peace” or “strength.” Exhalation involves sliding hands forward and lowering the chest and shoulders.
4. Meditative Breathing Exercise
Tracing a box or square in front of the body with a hand or visualization helps regulate breathing. The individual traces the box’s outline while inhaling, holding their breath at the top, exhaling along one side, and resuming the trace at the bottom.
5. Relaxing Breathing Exercise and Twist
Lie down with pillows supporting the head and shoulders. Lift knees towards the chest and gently lower them to one side while turning the head in the opposite direction. Breathe deeply, allowing the body to sink into the twist.
Conclusion
Deep-breathing exercises are essential tools for individuals with ankylosing spondylitis, supporting chest wall elasticity, preserving rib mobility, and mitigating the effects of the condition on breathing. By incorporating these exercises into their routine, patients can improve their respiratory function and alleviate discomfort.
Author: Dr. Elyse Broder
Dr. Elyse Broder is a renowned rheumatologist specializing in the diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis and other rheumatic conditions. Her research focuses on developing novel therapeutic approaches for inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Credit:
OMG I Yoga
© 2023 OMG I Yoga
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